Sastra Caksusa

seeing through the eyes of scriptures

Vaisnava Amrta chapter 13 Changes to Srila Prabhupadas books

Vaisnava Amrta chapter 13

Did Srila Jiva Goswami tell Jayadvaita Swami to edit Srila Prabhupadas books?B

Jayadvaita Swami stated Srila Prabhupadas books are full of warts so this is my defense of Srila Prabhupadas books that made me a devotee

On the BBT edit website we find this note: http://www.bbtedit.com/node/121
The BBT web page describes that Jiva Goswami was editing Srila Rupa Goswamis ,Bhakti Rasamrta Sindhu
lets look at the Bhakti Ratnakara chapter 14 in question:
.
The Letter From Shrila Jiva Gosvami
"Glory to Shri Krishna, the master of Vrindavana! Greetings at the feet of Shri Shri Shrinivasa Acarya, whose feet bring all happiness to me. He who bears the name Jiva offers respectful obeisances and gives you the following information:
"I always wish you well. For many days we have not heard news of you. You bring us great happiness. At present I and the others are in good . The only exception is Bhugarbha Gosvami, who surrendered himself, body and soul, before Lord Krishna, who is Vrindavana's master.Among your own followers, please write to us about Shri Vrindavana dasa. Does he read yet, or not?
"Also, where is Shri Vyasa Sharma, and how is he doing? I ask the same of Shri Vasudeva Kaviraja.
"Also, the editing of Shri Bhakti-rasamrita-sindhu, Shri Madhava-mahotsava, Shri Gopala-campu's Second Part, and Shri Hari-namamrita-vyakarana is not yet . They will not be ready this year. If the Supreme Lord is favorable, I will finish them eventually. Everyone here offers respectful obeisances to all of you there. Please also give my blessings to the saintly king."
19. The Vrindavana dasa mentioned in this letter is Shrinivasa Acarya's eldest son.
20. In Vraja there was talk of Shrinivasa's son. Shrila Jiva Gosvami happily mentioned his name.
21. Vyasa and Vasudeva are two disciples of Shrinivasa Acarya. The saintly king's name is Birahambira.
22. After some days another letter came for Shrinivasa Acarya. Shrinivasa read it aloud in the assembly of devotees.
The Second Letter
"Glory to Shri Krishna, the master of Vrindavana!
"Greetings to Shrinivasa Acarya, who has all virtues, and who is my dear friend.
"The person named Jiva from Vrindavana offers his obeisances, his embrace, and his wish that all will be auspicious for you. These greetings are an offering of respect from a person who resides in Vrindavana. I was very eager to ear about you. When I did to hear about you or heard inauspicious reports, I became sorrowful at heart. Now that I have heard from you, I feel comforted.
"This letter is in reply to your most recent letter. This we say: Even if the body and senses bring many sorrows and obstacles, the devotee should persevere. In this way a devotee will make an end to all sorrows.
"Shri Shyama dasa Acarya is a devotee who knows the true goal of life. He wishes to be with you. He is learned and affectionate. His explanations of devotional service to the Lord give the correct conclusions. With help like the help he gives, the blasphemers will be crushed into pieces. Now I am editing and re-considering the books Vaishnava-toshani, Durgama-sangamani, and Gopala-campu. Now I am engaged with these books. I am myself carefully editing and re-considering these books. This must be done.
"Previously I sen you the Hari-namamrita-vyakarana. If that book and its commentary are studied then all misunderstandings (of Sanskrit grammar) will be corrected. The other books are in the final stage. The second part of the Gopala-campu is now finished. It needs only the final touches. When I become fortunate I will hear news of you. From afar I think of your welfare. I think of the welfare of Vrindavana dasa and the others. I also think of the welfare of the devotees headed by Shri Gopala dasa. This letter is addressed to Shrinivasa Acarya."
comments:
Actually when it says Bhaktirasamrta Sindhu it is not the l text of Rupa Goswami but Jiva Goswamis own commentary to Bhakti Rasamrta Sindhu ,he and later Srila Visvanath Chakravati Thakura wrote commentaries to Bhakti Rasamrta Sindhu.
But Srila Prabhupada in his rascal editors from July 1977 tells devotees to return his books to how it previously was..
It is very clear from this conversation that Srila Prabhupada did not want his books further edited....So who told Jayadvaita Swami to edit Srila Prabhupadas books? Certainly not Srila Prabhupada...Did Jiva Goswami tell Jayadvaita Swami to do so? Certainly not, Srila Jiva Goswami defended any challenges to Srila Rupa Goswamis writtings.
Just as when Vallabha challenged Rupa Goswamis as described in Bhakti Ratnaka ,Srila Jiva Goswami defended Srila Rupa Goswami.
HH Ballabha Tirtha Maharaja has summarized this : http://bvml.org/SBBTM/sjg.html
Narahari has shown how Rupa Goswami instructed Jiva, punished him and then blessed him, in a story told in Bhakti-ratnakara:
One hot summer’s day, while Rupa was writing Bhakti-rasamrita-sindhu and Jiva fanning his perspiring body, Vallabha Bhatta came by to see Rupa Goswami. After reading some of Rupa’s introductory verses, he offered to make corrections. When Vallabha went to the Yamuna to take a bath, Jiva followed him on the pretext of going to fetch water. In fact, he was angry because he considered Vallabha’s proposal to be arrogant. He asked him what fault he had found in Rupa’s verse. Vallabha told him and Jiva immediately showed him the flaws in his argument. A debate ensued in which Jiva countered every one of Vallabha’s objections. When he came back to Rupa’s hut, Vallabha told him how impressed he was with Jiva’s scholarship, recounting the entire episode. Rupa gently rebuked Jiva, telling him to return to Bengal and to come back to Vrindavan only when he was sufficiently calm. Thus banished from his presence, Jiva left Rupa Goswami’s dwelling, but rather than going back to the family home as he had been told, went to Nanda Ghat, a nearby village. Hoping to regain his guru’s favor, he began to practice rigorous austerities, worshiping Krishna intensely while fasting or eating only a bare minimum. As a result of such severe practices, his body became weak and sickly. One day, Sanatan Goswami came by there and was moved when he saw his condition. He took Jiva with him back to Rupa and interceded on his behalf with his brother. Thus Rupa and Jiva were reconciled and Jiva once again won Rupa’s affectionate blessings.
. The books referred to are all the books of Jiva Goswami , so it was a nice try Jayadvaita Swami , but again you failed to fool devotees.
So please also write your own books that you can edit left and right as you please ,just please leave Prabhupadas books alone.
Even Sanatana Goswami once thought there was a mistake in Rupa Goswamis writtings:
http://www.vrindavan.org/Engl…/VSaints/SanatanaGoswami3.html
Radharani appears to Sri Sanatana
In Bhakti-Ratnakara, it is written that one day Sanatana Goswami went to Radha-Kunda to see Sri Rupa and Sri Raghunatha Dasa Goswami. When they saw Sanatana approaching, they rose to offer him respect, and then offered him a seat. With this, the three of them began an ishta-gosthi, a discussion about Krishna. Sri Rupa Goswami had written a Stotram to Radharani called "Chatu-Pushpanjali" - an offering of four . Sri Sanatana Goswami read the verses, and was struck by one in particular:
navagorochana gauri, pravarendi varamvaram, manistavaka-vidyoti-veni-vyalangana-phanam
"O Vrindabaneshvari! I offer my respects unto you. Because your complexion is like newly molten gold, you are known as Gaurangi. Your dress is beautiful like that of a blue lotus. Your long braid of hair resembles a black serpent decorated with jewels."
When Sanatana saw the line, "Your braided hair resembles a black serpent..." he thought about this comparison and said, "Is this a logical or reasonable metaphor? To compare Radharani's hair to a serpent?"
That afternoon Sri Sanatana went to Radha Kunda to take his bath. After offering different reverential to the Radha Kunda, he took his bath there. At that time, a little distance from the Kunda, he could see some gopi boys and girls playing, at the foot of some trees. As he glanced in their direction, he could just make out that right behind the head of one of the girls was what might have been a long, black, dangling braid, but looked to Sanatana Goswami much more like a deadly snake, swaying back and forth as if ready to strike. At that time he called out, "O young girl! Be careful: there is a snake creeping up on your back!" The young girl, caught up in the joy of her playing, took no notice. Apparently she couldn't hear him. Thereupon he went running up to her and saw that the girl was none other than Sri Radha Thakurani. When the gopas and gopis saw him, they burst out laughing. They laughed and laughed for some time without stopping. Sri Sanatana Goswami was struck dumb. After this, he could understand the logic of Sri Rupa Goswami's metaphor.
comments: Jayadvaita Swami postulates that Jiva Goswami edited Bhaktirasamrti sindhu , he desperately uses this out of context to justifie his own nonsense.When Mother Govinda directly asked him he admitted Srila Prabhupada never gave him permission.
Neither did Srila Jiva Goswami the perfect disciple ,ever think of correcting Srila Rupa Goswamis words:
He actually wrote that Rupa Goswamis books and writings are like perfect pearls , but Jayadvaita Swami thinks even Rupa Goswami makes mistakes and just as he speculates Jiva Goiswami knew better than his Guru so does he know better than Srila Prabhupada.
Narayana Maharaja did not like the changing of Srila Prabhupadas books and stated it should be never done.When he had devotees read from Prabhupadas books it was always the older unedited version.
In the conversation with Kesava Kasmiri (who is the incarnation of Nimbarkacarya) and Lord Caitanya we find this in the pages of the CC:
http://www.bvml.org/books/CC/adi/16.html
TEXT 101
bhavabhuti, jayadeva, ara kalidasa tan-sabara kavitve ache dosera prakasa
SYNONYMS
bhavabhuti--of the name Bhavabhuti; jayadeva--of the name Jayadeva; ara--and; kalidasa--of the name Kalidasa; tan-sabara--of all of them; kavitve--in the poetic power; ache--there is; dosera--of faults; prakasa--manifestation.
TRANSLATION
"Even in the poetic compositions of such great poets as Bhavabhuti, Jayadeva and Kalidasa there are many examples of faults."
TEXT 102
dosa-guna-vicara----ei alpa kari' mani kavitva-karane sakti, tanha se vakhani
SYNONYMS
dosa-guna-vicara--therefore to criticize one's poetry as good or bad; ei--this; alpa--negligible; kari'--making; mani--I consider; kavitva--poetic ingenuity; karane--in performing; sakti--power; tanha--that; se--we; vakhani--describe.
TRANSLATION
"Such mistakes should be considered negligible. One should see only how such poets have displayed their poetic power."
PURPORT
In Srimad-Bhagavatam (1.5.11) it is said:
TEXT 11

tad-vāg-visargo janatāgha-viplavo

yasmin prati-ślokam abaddhavaty api

nāmāny anantasya yaśo 'ṅkitāni yat

śṛṇvanti gāyanti gṛṇanti sādhavaḥ

SYNONYMS

tat—that; vāk—vocabulary; visargaḥ—creation; janatā—the people in general; agha—sins; viplavaḥ—revolutionary; yasmin—in which; prati-ślokam—each and every stanza; abaddhavati—irregularly composed; api—in spite of; nāmāni—transcendental names, etc.; anantasya—of the unlimited Lord; yaśaḥ—glories; aṅkitāni—depicted; yat—what; śṛṇvanti—do hear; gāyanti—do sing; gṛṇanti—do accept; sādhavaḥ—the purified men who are honest.

TRANSLATION

On the other hand, that literature which is full of descriptions of the transcendental glories of the name, fame, forms, pastimes, etc., of the unlimited Supreme Lord is a different creation, full of transcendental words directed toward bringing about a revolution in the impious lives of this world's misdirected civilization. Such transcendental literatures, even though imperfectly composed, are heard, sung and accepted by purified men who are thoroughly honest.
"Despite its minute literary discrepancies, one must study poetry on the merit of its subject matter. According to Vaisnava philosophy, any literature that glorifies the Lord, whether properly written or not, is first class. There need be no other considerations. The poetic compositions of Bhavabhuti, or Srikantha, include Malati-madhava, Uttara-carita, Vira-carita and many other similar Sanskrit dramas. This great poet was born during the time of Bhojaraja as the son of Nilakantha, a brahmana. Kalidasa flourished during the time of Maharaja Vikramaditya, and he became the state poet. He composed some thirty or forty Sanskrit dramas, including Kumara-sambhava, Abhijnana-sakuntala and Megha-duta. His drama Raghu-vamsa is especially famous. We have already described Jayadeva in Chapter Thirteen of this Adi-lila.
TEXT 103
saisava-capalya kichu na labe amara sisyera samana muni na han tomara
SYNONYMS
saisava--childish; capalya--impudence; kichu--anything; na--do not; labe--please take; amara--My; sisyera--of disciples; samana--the equal; muni--I; na--not; han--am; tomara--your.
TRANSLATION
"I am not even fit to be your disciple. Therefore kindly do not take seriously whatever childish impudence I have shown."
Just see the humility of Lord Caitanya and Srila Jiva Goswami, Lord Caitanya never told Kesava Kasmiri, that you are a greatest of Pandits you go ahead and edit Jayadeva Goswamis :"Gita Govinda ".Lord Jagannatha likes it Lord Caitanya certainly loved it.
But Jayadvaita Swami thinks Prabhupadas books needs editing even Srila Rupa Goswamis Bhakti Rasamrti Sindhu needed ,just see such arrogance.
vaisnava das anu das
Paramananda das
Prabhupada: Where are others? Tamala Krsna: Shall I get other people? Satadhanya Maharaja? (long pause) Prabhupada: That... Find this verse, munayah sadhu prsto 'ham... [SB 1.2.5]. Tamala Krsna: There's no index. It's not a new Bhagavatam. There's no index in this Bhagavatam. Munayah sadhu...? "The Effects of Kali-yuga" chapter? Is that the verse, about the effects of Kali-yuga? No. (background talking, looking for verse) munayah sadhu prsto 'ham bhavadbhir loka-mangalam yat krtah krsna-samprasno yenatma suprasidati [SB 1.2.5] "munayah -- of the sages; sadhu -- this is relevant; prstah -- questioned; aham..." Prabhupada: No? What is that? Sadhu? What is that? Munayah? Tamala Krsna: Says, "sadhu -- this is relevant." Prabhupada: Relevant? Tamala Krsna: That's what it's translated as, "this is relevant." May be a mistake. Devotee (1): It's a mistake. Prabhupada: Munayah? Tamala Krsna: "Munayah -- of the sages; sadhu -- this is relevant..." Prabhupada: The nonsense, they are... They are correcting my trans... Rascal. Who has done this? Munayah is addressing all these munis. Tamala Krsna: It's addressing the munis? Prabhupada: Yes. Tamala Krsna: Sadhus, great sages. Prabhupada: Yes. Sadhu means they are very pure. What can be done if it goes there and these rascals becomes Sanskrit scholar and do everything nonsense? One Sanskrit scholar strayed, that rascal... He take... What is his...? Saci-suta? Saci-sandana? Tamala Krsna: Jaya-sacinandana? Prabhupada: And they are maintaining them. Different meaning. Tamala Krsna: "Bhavadbhih -- by all of you; loka -- the world; mangalam -- welfare; yat -- because; krtah -- made; krsna -- the Personality of Godhead; samprasnah -- relevant question; yena -- by which; atma -- self; suprasidati -- completely pleased." Translation: "O sages..." Prabhupada: Now here is "O sages," and the word meaning is "of the munis." Just see. Such a rascal Sanskrit scholar. Here it is addressed, sambodhana, and they touch(?) it -- "munayah -- of the munis." It is very risky to give to them for editorial direction. Little learning is dangerous. However proper Sanskrit scholar, little learning, dangerous. Immediately they become very big scholars, high salaried, and write all nonsense. Who they are? (pause) Then? Tamala Krsna: "O sages, I have been..." Prabhupada: No, they cannot be reliable. They can do more harm. Just see here the fun(?). Tamala Krsna: Yeah. We're finding out in the Fifth Canto that there're words that are so off, the meaning is completely changed, completely changed. I mean, in the three chapters that we read, Bhakti-prema Maharaja made at least half a dozen corrections of serious corrections. They had changed the meaning. Svarupa Damodara: Some of the mistakes in the numbers, the figures. Tamala Krsna: Oh, yeah, they're all... Prabhupada: So how they can be reliable, so-called, this way...? (background whispering) Hm? Yasoda-nandana: In the Gurukula we were teaching Isopanisad class to the children. So we took... [break] ...Prabhupada and the words which the recent edition of the Press is wrong. Many changes were brought. They were trying to make better English, but sometimes, to make better English, I think they were making philosophical mistakes also. There is no so much need of making so much better English. Your English is sufficient. It is very clear, very simple. We have caught over 125 changes. They're changing so many things. We are wondering if this is necessary. I will show you today. I have kept the book. Prabhupada: I know that these rascals are doing. What can be done? How they can be relied on? Svarupa Damodara: It's not the responsibility of the BBT trustee, to see these things don't change without Prabhupada's sanction? Prabhupada: And Ramesvara is indulging this. The great rascal is that Jagannatha? He's there in Los Angeles. Tamala Krsna: Jagannatha dasa? Prabhupada: Maybe. Indian devotee (2): Jagannatha-suta. Prabhupada: Jagannatha-suta. Tamala Krsna: No... Prabhupada: And the one rascal is gone. Tamala Krsna: Nitai. Prabhupada: It is starting. What can I do? These cannot... These rascals cannot be educated. Dangerous. Little learning, dangerous. So how to correct? The leader of these dangerous-Radha-vallabha. Tamala Krsna: Radha-vallabha? Prabhupada: Hm. He's a dangerous, who maintains these rascal with this work. He'll always have questions and alteration. That is his business. That is American business. They take that always. What can I do? Ultimate, it goes for editorial. They make changes, such changes. Tamala Krsna: Your original work that you're doing now, that is edited by Jayadvaita. That's the first editing. Prabhupada: He is good. Tamala Krsna: He is good. But then, after they print the books, they're going over. So when they reprint... Prabhupada: So how to check this? How to stop this? Tamala Krsna: They should not make any changes without consulting Jayadvaita. Prabhupada: But they are doing without any authority. Svarupa Damodara: I think we should make whole survey, all books already printed, before printing the next batch and check any mistakes so that it should be all corrected. Otherwise, if the scholars find out that there are so many mistakes in the books, then the quality and the appreciation will be reduced. Giriraja(?): (indistinct) Svarupa Damodara: Yes. We find so far that they are appreciating so much within the scholarly circle, and we want to maintain that actually. Prabhupada: Very serious feature. It is not possible for me to check, and they are doing all nonsense, freedom. (pause) Yasoda-nandana: Jaya Srila Prabhupada. Prabhupada: What to do? Tamala Krsna: I think Svarupa Damodara's point, that all the books should now be checked before they're reprinted again... And they have to be checked not by some so-called learned Sanskrit man but by a learned devotee. Just like you always favored Jayadvaita because his Krsna consciousness... Prabhupada: Jayadvaita, Satsvarupa... Yasoda-nandana: Bhakti-prema, Satsvarupa is there. Tamala Krsna: So Bhakti-prema... That's a good solution. Prabhupada: Yes. Tamala Krsna: You know, the real point is that the Sanskrit is often not translated properly in the translation, what Nitai and others have done. Prabhupada: He's a rascal. That's... He's finding out guru and job for filling the belly. That is the latest news. Tamala Krsna: What is he doing? Prabhupada: To find out some job to fill up the belly. Otherwise he'll starve if he doesn't get any job. And he's finding out guru. Job-guru. Now do the needful. Otherwise everything will be spoiled. These rascal editorial... That Easy Journey, original, this (indistinct) Hayagriva has changed so many things. Tamala Krsna: He actually took out the whole part about their going to the moon being childish. He deleted the whole section. Yasoda-nandana: Also in the Bhagavatam, where Prabhupada was talking about Lord Buddha... You mentioned that if the followers of Lord Buddha do not close the slaughterhouse, there is no meaning to such a caricature. That word was very nice. But in new book that word is not there any more. They have pulled the word. The meaning of the word is not... So many times. Prabhupada: It is very serious situation. Ramesvara is in direct... Svarupa Damodara: I think they're working too independently without consulting properly. Yasoda-nandana: Sometimes they appeal that "We can make better English," so they change like that, just like in the case of Isopanisad. There are over a hundred changes. So where is the need? Your words are sufficient. The potency is there. When they change, it is something else. Svarupa Damodara: That's actually a very dangerous mentality. Yasoda-nandana: What is it going to be in five years? It's going to be a different book. Prabhupada: So you... What you are going... It is very serious situation. You write one letter that "Why you have made so many changes?" And whom to write? Who will care? All rascals are there. Write to Satsvarupa that "This is the position. They are doing anything and everything at their whim." The next printing should be again to the original way. Tamala Krsna: They should have a board of Satsvarupa and Jayadvaita. Prabhupada: Hm. Tamala Krsna: Those two men are both in Los Angeles now. Prabhupada: So write them immediately that "The rascal editors, they are doing havoc, and they are being maintained by Ramesvara and party." Tamala Krsna: Sometimes there's a fear that some word will be unpopular, and on account of desire to gain popularity or acceptance, they lessen the strength of the word. They change the word. They choose a word which is more so-called acceptable. Svarupa Damodara: Same thing is with the Back to Godhead. Just publish some photo, try to change so many things in order to make it popularized. They have been doing that even with the philosophy. (pause) Satadhanya: I remember when Ramesvara was here, he had mentioned that in one article you had denounced the Christians strongly, so he said he left one part out because he was afraid there would be a bad reaction from the Christians in America. Prabhupada: That is possible. That is possible. He should be careful. Then? Tamala Krsna: I think in addition to Satsvarupa and Jayadvaita checking the English, that Bhakti-prema Maharaja has to check all the Sanskrit of all of the books... He's translating now, so as he's translating, he can check. He's going, starting from the First Canto. Svarupa Damodara: I think this is very appropriate, because checking English doesn't have any meaning without checking the Sanskrit, the original. Tamala Krsna: There was one verse in the Fifth Canto. From the way that they translated it, there was no way that anyone could possibly have understood what the verse meant. I mean, it was made unintelligible by the translation. So we were reading. Finally Bhakti-prema says, "Wait a minute. This translation is wrong. They have edited an extra statement here that is not there, and it makes it completely not understandable." Then suddenly, when he corrected the Sanskrit, it was easy to understand. It was very clear. Prabhupada: So what to do? Tamala Krsna: So I think we just have to be slow but sure. We have to go over all of the books and make sure that they're perfect before they're printed again. Not be in such a rush, print, print, and print all nonsense. Svarupa Damodara: One time I had a strong talk with Ramesvara Maharaja about our article for printing in the Back to Godhead. I didn't want them to be printed in Back to Godhead because they made so many changes... Prabhupada: Oh, he has dared to change yours also? Svarupa Damodara: Oh, yes. They change so many things in our article. And it was on the telephone. I was speaking to him in Atlanta from Los Angeles. And I told him that "This article should not be printed because they have made so many changes." And I didn't like that. Then they answered that "It has already been offset, and BBT policy is always to be rushing. It's always BBT policy." Then I told him that "If you sacrifice quality on the strength of rushing, then it is your business, but that's not my way, so please don't print it." But in any case, they have printed anyway that article. And we all had a bad reaction. Prabhupada: So you bring this to Satsvarupa. They cannot change anything. Tamala Krsna: (indistinct) Svarupa Damodara: So we stopped writing article for Back to Godhead since then because... Tamala Krsna: Now, I think, with Satsvarupa there, you won't have that problem of changing like that. He wrote a letter saying that one of his first things is that he will not change what is given there unless... He will not make changes. Svarupa Damodara: No, if they consult us, even with changing, that's all right. But they just edit here and there and cut it out, certain things. They're changing the whole meaning. And that makes sometimes nonsense instead of making sense. Prabhupada: So on the whole, these dangerous things are going on. How to check it? Tamala Krsna: There has to be strong philosophical leaders who can check this, like Satsvarupa and Jayadvaita. Prabhupada: Hm. Tamala Krsna: They have to also be included in the decisions of the BBT. It can't simply be that managers make decisions. Prabhupada: Yes. Without their sanction, there will be... Let them... These all rascals... Svarupa Damodara: One time in that article they made a change. Saying that, the whole Vaisnava philosophy became Mayavadi in that scientific article. So I told them that "You are better than..., a better (indistinct)." It all become Mayavadi, so it became all mad. That is why I strongly told them that "This shouldn't be the way. If you want to change, you have to consult with those who are writers." Prabhupada: So they are doing very freely and dangerously. And this rascal is always after change, Radha-vallabha. He's a great rascal. (pause) Read.
>>> Ref. VedaBase => Conversation, "Rascal Editors," and Morning Talk -- June 22, 1977, Vrndavana

Views: 46

Comment

You need to be a member of Sastra Caksusa to add comments!

Join Sastra Caksusa

© 2024   Created by Paramananda das.   Powered by

Report an Issue  |  Terms of Service